Notice, this problem only exists for Team Managed projects.
Similar errors can occur when using Company manged projects and the solution is different. More information on this here:
'Story Points' can't be updated - missing screen association
'Story Points' can't be updated - field is missing from the issue type
Learn more about the differences between Team- and Company- managed projects in Jira.
This problem users solve on their own with support-built-in
By default ‘Team managed’ projects are set up so that the ‘Story point estimate’ field is missing from the issue view. When users try to save an estimate the following error occurs:
There is a quick solution to this problem 
The solution is built-in
The video below shows how Smart Guess detects missing permissions and provides users with a short message and link to this page so that users can update their settings and solve the problem on their own: